Theपक Academy

Q.आयात और निर्यात क्या है?

उत्तर। आयात:-

आयात की परिभाषा एक परिचय से माल लाना या लाना या एक देश से दूसरे देश में बेचने के लिए माल लाना है। आयात विदेशी वस्तुओं या सेवाओं को लाने का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। दूसरे देश में, जहां उत्पादों को संसाधित, उपयोग, बेचा या निर्यात किया जाएगा। आयात वे सामान और सेवाएं हैं जो एक विदेशी देश में उत्पादित होते हैं और एक देश के निवासियों द्वारा खरीदे जाते हैं।

आयात के दो मूल प्रकार हैं:

1. औद्योगिक और उपभोक्ता सामान।

2. मध्यवर्ती सामान और सेवाएं।

कंपनियां घरेलू बाजार में निर्मित प्रतिस्पर्धी वस्तुओं की तुलना में सस्ती कीमत और बेहतर गुणवत्ता पर घरेलू बाजार में आपूर्ति करने के लिए वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का आयात करती हैं। कंपनियां उन उत्पादों का आयात करती हैं जो स्थानीय बाजार में उपलब्ध नहीं हैं।

निर्यात:-

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार में निर्यात एक देश में उत्पादित एक अच्छी या सेवा है जिसे दूसरे देश में बेचा जाता है। निर्यात वे वस्तुएं और सेवाएं हैं जो एक देश में उत्पादित की जाती हैं और दूसरे देश में खरीदारों को बेची जाती हैं। कुछ बेचा और एक देश से दूसरे देश में ले जाया गया। कॉफी ब्राजील के मुख्य निर्यातों में से एक है। निर्यात दूसरे देश में सामान बेचने के लिए भेजने का व्यवसाय भी है

निर्यात मुख्यतः दो प्रकार का होता है:

1. प्रत्यक्ष निर्यात export

2. में - प्रत्यक्ष निर्यात

1. प्रत्यक्ष निर्यात:-

प्रत्यक्ष निर्यात का अर्थ है बिचौलियों को शामिल किए बिना विदेशों में माल की बिक्री। प्रत्यक्ष निर्यात के मामले में एक फर्म स्वयं अपने उत्पादों को विदेशों में बेचने का कार्य करती है और विदेशी फर्मों के साथ सीधे व्यवहार करने के लिए जिम्मेदार होती है। एक फर्म निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक तरीके से प्रत्यक्ष निर्यात कर सकती है।

कंपनी का अपना कॉर्पोरेट निर्यात प्रावधान स्थापित करके।
विदेशी बिक्री प्रतिनिधि और एजेंट की नियुक्ति करके।
विदेशी आधारित वितरकों और खुदरा विक्रेताओं/एजेंटों के माध्यम से।
विदेशी आधारित राज्य व्यापार निगम के माध्यम से।
विदेशी बिक्री शाखाओं के माध्यम से।

2. इन-डायरेक्ट एक्सपोर्टिंग:-

अर्थात बिचौलियों के माध्यम से विदेशों में माल की बिक्री। अप्रत्यक्ष निर्यात में स्वतंत्र बिचौलियों की मदद और उत्पादों को विदेशों में भेजने की बिक्री क्षमता का उपयोग करना शामिल है। अप्रत्यक्ष निर्यात के कुछ प्रमुख प्रकार के बिचौलिये इस प्रकार हैं:

कमीशन एजेंट।
घरेलू आधारित निर्यात व्यापारी या निर्यात व्यापार कंपनियां।
एजेंट ख़रीदना या ख़रीदना।
निर्यात प्रबंधन कंपनियां।
सहकारी संस्थाएं।

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Q.:- आखिर क्या था कैबिनेट मिशन?

संविधान :-

यह कोई आम किताब नहीं है बल्कि प्रतीक है हमारे मुल्क का। पर कभी सोचा है आपने कि यह मुल्क आखिर होता क्या है?

समाजशास्त्री जी कहते हैं कि एक नस्ल, धर्म, भाषा, और हुकुम को मानने वाले बाशिंदों के समूह से मिलकर बनता है- एक देश।

मगर हिंदुस्तान जैसे बहुत सी भाषाओं, धर्मो और तमाम जातियों-प्रजातियों वाले subcontinent को किसी तंग नजरिए से नहीं देखा जा सकता। और ऐसे मुल्क और ऐसे समाज में पुरानी नीतियों को तोड़कर सबको साथ लेकर आगे चलने के लिए किसी पुराने कानून से भी काम नहीं चल सकता इसलिए हमारे पुरखों ने बनाया था हमारा संविधान, हमारा Constitution, हमारा आईन।

यह आईन ही तो वह आइना है जिसमें देखकर हम खुद को पहचान पाते हैं और सवार भी सकते हैं।

इस ब्लॉग के माध्यम से हम आपको इस जादुई आईने की सैर पर ले जाएंगे और बताएंगे कि यह क्यों बना?, किसने बनाया?, और कब बना?

एक झलक संविधान की:-

शांतिनिकेतन के प्रसिद्ध चित्रकार श्री नंदलाल बोस की रहनुमाई में कई कलाकारों ने भारत के इतिहास पुराण और लोक कथाओं की छवियों से इस ग्रंथ को सजाया था और प्रेम बिहारी नारायण रायजादा जैसे खुशखत कातिबो ने अपनी कलम से निखारा था।

दिसंबर 1946 में जिस इमारत की तामीर शुरू की गई थी। असल में उसकी नींव बहुत पहले रखी जा चुकी थी। 1857 क्रांति के दौरान बागी सिपाहियों ने भी हिंदुस्तान का एक अपना संविधान बनाने की कोशिश की थी। उनका विद्रोह तो जल्द ही दबा दिया गया परंतु आजाद देश का एक अपना आईन बनाने का सपना ना दवा था, ना हारा था, और जैसे-जैसे महात्मा गांधी के नेतृत्व में आजादी की आवाज तेज हुई थी अपना संविधान बनाने की मांग भी और तीव्र होती गई।

अब गांधी जी के नेतृत्व में इतिहास ने दोबारा हमें एक नई भारत को बढ़ने का मौका दिया था। कांग्रेस नेता और आला वकील पंडित मोतीलाल नेहरु में सन् 1928 में एक रिपोर्ट तैयार की जिसे नेहरू रिपोर्ट या स्वराज संविधान के नाम से भी जाना गया और उनके बाद जब उनका बेटा जवाहर कांग्रेस का सदर बना तो उस युवा नेता ने हिंदुस्तान के संविधान के सपने को और सही तरीके से सबके सामने रखा।

अंग्रेजों ने सन 1945 में Government of India act बनाया। ये act भारतीयों की उम्मीदों से न केवल बहुत कम और अलग था बल्कि इसकी वजह से कांग्रेस और मुस्लिम लीग के बीच दूरियां और बढ़ने लगी। इस बीच दूसरे विश्व युद्ध के दौरान सन् 1945 में डॉक्टर तेज बहादुर ने सभी भारतीयों से सलाह मशवरा करके एक सांझा संविधान की कोशिश की। उधर Second World war की मार और इधर Azad Hind fauj और भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन के चलते अंग्रेजों का भारत पर अनंत काल तक राज करने का इरादा ध्वस्त हो गया।

Winston Churchill यह तो जीत गई पर चुनाव हार गए और Britannia के नए Prime minister- Clement Attlee ने कहा कि भारत के लिए नया संविधान बनाने और मुसलमानों को अलग अधिकार देने की मुस्लिम लीग की मांग पर काम तुरंत शुरू किया जाएगा। इसी के मद्देनजर पहली बार His majesty की सरकार के तीन Cabinet Minister एक साथ भारत भेजे गए और यह कहलाया--कैबिनेट मिशन।

आशा है कि यह ब्लॉग आपको पसंद आया होगा और अगर आप इसके आगे का ब्लॉग और चाहते हैं तो आप कमेंट में Yes लिखकर जरूर जाएं।

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जरूर पढ़ें-

B-School information in Hindi

Q.:- What is Non Woven?

Ans. Introduction:-

Non woven is one type of fabric that is not made by weaving or knitting of interlacing of yarn.
Non woven are not used on yarn and do not contain yarns.
In other words, non-woven are made from fibrous webs bonded together by either mechanical entanglement, thermal fusion, by forming chemical complexes or by using resin/adhesives.

-:Process:-

1. selection and preparation of fabric

2. Web formation

3. Web bonding

4. Finishing

1.1. Selection and preparation of fabric:-

The first step in the production of a non woven is the selection fibre with suitable specifications depending on the end use of the fabric. Both filament and staple fibre fibres can be used any they can be natural, man made or of mineral origin.

1.2. Web formation:-

The next step is the arrangement of fibres/filaments in a sheet or web. While the dry-laid and we-laid technique are generally used for short staple length fibres, spun-laid and meltfilaments fibres.

1.Dry - laid :-

There are two types of techniques of form dry - laid web:

Carding, air-laying

Carding:-

Cording is a mechanical process of forming a web. After opening and blending, the fibres are converted to the carding machine by air transport. The fibres are then combed into web by the carding machine.

Carding webs can be two types:

Parallel - laid web
Cross - laid web

1. Parallel - laid web:-

The fibres are passed through a carding. Machine which puts them in parallel alignment. Thin web of parallel fibres are laid overeach other to form multilayer webs. This produces fabric that has high lengthwise strength but low crosswise strength. In woollen or worsted card is used on account of its greater flexibility and productivity.

2. Cross - laid web:-

The webs are criss crossed successively over each other. The fabric has greater crosswise strength than the parallel - laid web type.

1.3. Air - laid web:-

In this process, the fibers are suspended in air within a forming system and deposited on a moving forming screen or rotating perforated cylinder. The randomly oriented air - formed batt is bonded together with heat, glued with a coating of adhesive or held together by mechanical entanglement, usually involving needles that grab the fibres and pull them through the web. Air laid non - wovens are highly absorbent fabrics. Wet and dry wipes and absorbent cores for hygiene products are two uses for air laid non-wovens.

1.4. Wet - laid web:-

Fibers are mixed with chemicals and are processed through beaters & pullers to pass through a wire screen. The wet - laid non - woven process is a fiber forming process, and wet - laying takes place bet ween the head box and the forming wire. In this area, the fibers are suspended in water slurry and deposited on a moving screen. The water drains out and a fiber web is formed. The wet - laid web is further dewatered, consolidated, by pressing between rollers, and dried. Wet - laid web forming allows a wide range of fibre arientation. Wet - laid non - wovens are developed and manufactured for products such as filters, tea bags, wallpaper, hygiene products, medical wrap and drapes, wipes, food packaging, etc.

1. Continuous filaments web

Spun laid in this polymer granules are melted and molten polymer is extruded through the spinneret. After the extrusion of the filaments from the web. A high temperature is maintained at this stages so that the fibres do not solidify completely leading to sticking of the filaments with one another as they criss cross on the belt. The spun - laid non woven tend to have low bulk and high tensile and tearing strength, they are used for numerous industrial application such as protective clothing, filters, geotextile.

2. Melt-blown

In melt - blown web formation, low viscosity polymers are extruded in a high velocity airstream through the spinneret. This scatters the melt, solidifies it and breaks it up in to fibrous web. Surgical face masks, surgical towels, operating room drapes and gowns, industrial wipes, wrappings etc.

3. Web Bonding

Bonding plays an important role when manufacturing non-woven the loose conesion of the fibers is treated in one or more steps - to form a more solid type of web, the non woven.

Generally speaking we distinguish between three different technologies,thermal , chemical and mechanical. The selection of the bonding technology is decisive for the features and the applications of the non-woven.

1. Mechanical Bonding

In mechanical bonding the strengthening of the web is achieved by inter - fibre friction as a result of the physical entanglement of the fibres. There are two main type of mechanical bonding.
Needle punching, specially designed needles are pushed and pulled through the web to entangle the fibres. Webs of different characteristics can be needled together to produce a graduation of properties difficult to achieve by other means. Needle punching can be used with most fibre types but, because of the nature of the process, not with very fine fibers.
Hydroentanglement is commonly applied carded or wetlaid webs and uses find, high pressure water jets to cause the fibres to interlace.

2. Chemical bonding

Chemical bonding refers to the application of a liquid - based bonding agent to the web. Three groups of materials are commonly used as binders - acrylate polymers and copolymers, styrene - butadiene copolymers and vinyl acetate ethylene copolymers. Water based binder systems are the most widely used but powdered adhesives, foam and in some cases organic solvent solutions can be found.
The binder can be applied in many ways. It can be applied uniformly by impregnating, coating or spraying or intermittently, as in print bonding.

3. Thermal bonding

This method uses the thermoplastic properties of certain synthetic fibres to form bonds under controlled heating. In some cases, the web fibres itself can be used, but more often a low melt fibre or bicomponent fibre is introduced at the web formation stage to perform the binding function later in the process.

There are several thermal bonding systems in use:

Calendaring uses heat and high pressure applied through rollers to welt the fibre webs together at high speed.
Through - air thermal bonding makes bulkier products by the overall bonding of a web containing law melting fibre. This takes place in a carefully controlled hat air stream.
Drum and blanket systems apply pressure and heat to make products of average bulk.
Ultrasonic bonding is a technology in which molecules of the fibres are being excited under a patterned roller by high frequency movement of a sonotrode which produces internal heating and softening of the fibres.

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Written by- Rashmi

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A Speech on the Supremacy of Man over Machines

Good morning friends! Today, I, Ankush, stand before you to talk about the utility of machines and the supremacy of man over machines.

Let's start by defining a machine. A machine is a mechanical device consisting of different parts. We use different types of machines to make our work easy. These are operated and guided by humans. A machine can also be a motorized gadget that is controlled by its mechanical brain which is programmed by humans. We cannot think of a machine without humans.

We live in a tech-savvy world filled with gadgets like smart phones, computers, laptops, refrigerators, cars, and many more, that have become an integral part of our daily activities. It is hard to imagine our life without these machines. Most of our day to day activities are performed with the help of machines. These are superior to humans in terms speed and accuracy. These can process information and perform calculations with more accuracy than humans. Let us take the example of computers. They have a better memory than humans and can be fed with a large amount of information. Machines can work effortlessly and more effectively as compared to humans. Moreover, they are not influenced by feelings or emotions.

The human brain is so powerful that it can create machines for creative as well as destructive purposes. Let us take the example of a tank. It can smash down forests and crush a hundred men. But can it operate on its own? No, it requires a driver. Similar is the case with a bomber.

It can fly and carry tonnes of weight. But it also requires a man to operate on.

No doubt, machines have brought comfort and leisure in our lives; that's the reason we have become dependent on them. But we should not forget that these machines are invented and operated on by human beings. A man can replace the machine, but a machine cannot replace the man. Man understands the situation and responds accordingly, but machines do not possess the capability of thinking. Hence it can be said that man is superior to machines.

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A Speech on Disastrous Effects of Nuclear Weapons

Good morning friends! How are you doing? (Audience: Fine). Please imagine a situation where there is a massive fire around you and the surrounding is filled with poisonous gases. It is hard to go outside because of suffocation. Yes, all of us will be burnt alive and embrace

death. This is the situation of nuclear explosion. Today, I, Reena, stand before you to speak on the disastrous effects of nuclear weapons.

Nuclear weapons have been the strongest and most destructive weapons created so far. These are so lethal that even a single nuclear weapon can destroy a whole city as well as jeopardize the natural environment and lives of future generations through its catastrophic effects. Every country has been influenced by their capacity of mass destruction and desires to add them to its arsenal. It is argued that these weapons bring power to the nations that possess them. The nations have been taken as extremely powerful and dominant because of

the power of these weapons. Since only a limited number of nations possess the ability to develop nuclear weapons, they strengthen themselves at the top of the global hierarchy. We can take the example of two super powers- Russia and the United States. They alone carry more than nine-thousand warheads which is eighty per cent of the entire number of such weapons all over the world. Many of these have been deployed on missiles, battleships, submarines and other deadly carriers.

The world realized their potential for the first time in 1945 when nuclear bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during the World War II. People got only a glimpse of the destructive power of nuclear weapons; the bombing ruined the two cities completely as well as affected the whole country of Japan. It destroyed everything, leaving behind only a desolate landscape. The disastrous consequences of this bombing have been visible in the later generations. With the passing of time, these deadly weapons have grown more advanced and lethal. They can do much harm as compared to the old ones.

Many world leaders claim that nuclear weapons are vital to maintain a healthy balance of power and check the outbreak of war, but this argument is not acceptable. A country with nuclear capability threatens the other countries and keeps them under its thumb. The country can use its nuclear weapon in case of war. We have witnessed so during World War II. In spite of the insistence of global leaders that nuclear weapons prevent war and turmoil, these are a potential threat to mankind.

Now, a number of countries have developed nuclear weapons and can use them at any time to take revenge. They can end the world within hours. It is necessary to destroy all the nuclear weapons from this Earth for a bright future ahead.

Friends, I conclude my speech with these words. I hope you will understand the disastrous effects of nuclear weapons on mankind and become a part of the movement against these weapons. I thank all of you for patient listening. Thank you!

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Group Discussion- Process

A Speech on the Topic of "Save the Girl Child"

"Gems are precious, but girls are priceless"

A very good morning to the Honorable Principal, respected teachers, and my dear friends. As you know, we have gathered here to celebrate the International Women's Day. On this occasion, I, Shweta, would like to speak on the topic-'save the girl child I am grateful to my teachers to provide me an opportunity to present my views on this topic.

As we all know that the status of girls in our country is very low. It is evident from the sex ratio. According to the 2011 census, there were only 940 females for 1000 males. Even it was as low as 914 between the age group of 0-6 years. This decline in girls' population clearly indicates gender biased attitude of the society. People prefer male child over a girl. A male child is taken as blessing whereas a girl child is considered a burden. Birth of a male child is celebrated, while the birth of a girl brings gloom in the family.

Even the discrimination starts before the birth of a child. In spite of complete ban on pre-birth sex-determination tests, people go for the tests and, if it is a girl, they go for the elimination of the foetus from mother's womb which is termed as 'female foeticide. There are various reasons associated with this practice. Some of them include:

Son is considered as an asset to the family while daughter is taken as a liability. Son may lead the family lineage in future while daughter will move away to some other home.

Boys are taken as producers whereas girls as consumers.

Misconception in the society that the son may look after his parents in old age while the daughter will go to the other family after her marriage.

Low status of women in male-dominated Indian society.

The old custom of dowry.

Illiteracy, poverty and insecurity of girls.

Let us discuss each point one by one. If we talk about modern time, daughters are not a burden on their parents. Girls have been doing better in all the fields. They are highly educated and earning more than boys. They are not the consumers, rather they are producers. They take care of not only husband's family, but also their parents. They have raised their status in the society after getting education. They have discarded all the rotten customs and practices. They are free to select the marriage partners. Inter-caste marriages have helped a lot to eliminate the custom of dowry. They are self-sufficient and are not dependent on men. They are capable to protect themselves.

People believe that boys will continue the family lineage, but they forget that without girls how they would be able to do so. No female, no life. Birth of a child is possible because of both male and female. What may happen if the number of one sex kept on decreasing continuously? It is a hard fact if killing of girls kept on going at the same pace, we shall find no brides for our sons which may lead to the end of this world some day.

Females are world's creator; female foeticide will end the Nature! It is a crime and social disaster which may end the life from this Earth. We should understand the importance of girls and say no to female foeticide.

A baby girl is God's precious gift. It is our responsibility to save her in order to save our future generations. I hope you may think about and take a pledge to save the girl child.

I conclude my speech with these words and thank all of you for patient listening.

Thanking you for read my blog 😁😁

Read More:-

Public Speech- Introduction

Public Speech- Preparation

Public Speech- Strategies

Public Speech- Types

Communication- Introduction

Effective Communication- Tips?

Interview- Introduction

Group Discussion- Introduction

Group Discussion- Characteristics

Group Discussion- Essential_Requirements

Group Discussion- Process

A Speech on the Topic of "Importance of Discipline in Life"

Good morning friends! How're you doing? (Student: fine). Good! What do you know about discipline? ( Students give vague answers). O.K. Today, I , Renu, will tell you about the importance of discipline in life.

What may happen if the sun may rise in the night and moon in the day time? (Students: The entire system may change). Yes, you're absolutely right; the whole order of the universe may reverse.

Discipline is the base of whole universe. There'd be utter chaos without discipline. The sun and the planetary movements around the sun are governed by certain laws. Discipline means 'mode of life in accordance with rules'. It is one of the basic requirements of a civilized society, but we find indiscipline everywhere. People create chaos at public places by their undisciplined behaviour. They do not follow order while boarding buses and trains. They disobey the rules and create problems for others.

Discipline is essential for personal growth as well as national prosperity. Strength of a nation lies in discipline. Disciplined citizens work with a spirit of cooperation which leads to progress and national unity.

Children are backbone of a country. Parents should raise their children in a congenial atmosphere and teach them moral values. They, themselves, should set an example by leading a disciplined life.

Schools and colleges are temples of learning, They must have a serene atmosphere in order to enable the students to learn something. This is possible only if the teachers and students are disciplined. Knowledge multiplies only in a disciplined environment. But, unfortunately, discipline has been declining in schools and colleges. There is an urgent need to revive discipline. Students do not respect their teachers. Over-crowded classrooms, lack-luster teaching methods, and uncertain future are responsible for indiscipline.

Discipline is also essential in married life. Both the husband and wife should be disciplined and faithful towards each other. Discipline is the life-breath of the armed forces. No army can put up a brave front against the enemy if it lacks discipline.

To cut short, discipline is part and parcel of all walks of life. It brings order and smoothness. It is our responsibility to enforce discipline in our lives.

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Read More:-

Public Speech- Introduction

Public Speech- Preparation

Public Speech- Strategies

Public Speech- Types

Communication- Introduction

Effective Communication- Tips?

Interview- Introduction

Group Discussion- Introduction

Group Discussion- Characteristics

Group Discussion- Essential_Requirements

Group Discussion- Process

A Speech on the Topic of "Education Can Happen Anywhere"

Good morning friends! All of us are students and come to the school and college for education. There is a general notion that one can educate oneself only in the so called

"temples of learning. But I do not agree with this view. One can get education anywhere and anytime. That's why, I, Anjali, have come here to discuss the topic with you.

Before coming to the point, let's understand the difference between 'education' and 'learning. Education happens within a structured framework. It includes fixed curriculum. Each student is evaluated by the exam at the end of a semester, year or term. But learning is somewhat wider than getting education. It is a continuous process. One can learn at any place and at any time. s/he doesn't need a teacher or expert of the subject. S/he can learn

even from an illiterate person. We can take the example of a farmer. S/he knows when to sow seeds, how and when to water the plants; when to put manure, fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides. S/he does not receive this information from a teacher. Unschooled villagers have better knowledge of trees, plants, herbs and animals than a botanist or zoologist. Their learning is integrated learning, meaningful and rooted in their reality. We learn moral values and model behaviour from the family and society. We are not dependent on teachers

for them.

The present education system is entirely based on theory. Students cram their lessons and produce at the time of exam. They pass their exam with good marks. But is their study combined with practicality? They forget what they learn in class within few hours. But what one learns out of experience remains permanent in mind.

All the points reflect that education can happen outside the classroom as well. It is necessary to combine education with lived reality for better results. It is necessary for us to come out of conventional approach and lay stress on learning rather than acquiring information. Our learning should be conceptual.

I stop here with these words and leave on you what to do. Thank you for patient listening.

Thanking you for read my blog 😁😁

Read More:-

Public Speech- Introduction

Public Speech- Preparation

Public Speech- Strategies

Public Speech- Types

Communication- Introduction

Effective Communication- Tips?

Interview- Introduction

Group Discussion- Introduction

Group Discussion- Characteristics

Group Discussion- Essential_Requirements

Group Discussion- Process

A Speech on Drug Addiction

Hi Everybody! I, Punita, stand before you to present my views on Drugs Addiction.

Friends, no-one is unaffected by stress in this modern world l, whether he is a child, youngster or senior citizen. Children are supposed to do better than their class-mates in examinations and other co-curricular activities. Youngsters are expected to earn more and more money. Older persons are stressed because of family problems.

Unable to cope with, and live up to the expectations, some either decide to end their life or take recourse to drugs for temporary escape from rigors of life. The initial momentary escape and mental relaxation encourage people to use drugs more frequently. Gradually, the body becomes habitual of drugs and cannot survive without its daily dose. This physical and mental dependence on drugs is called drug addiction.

Mainly the drugs are chemical compounds that alter the way of body function. Some drugs are prescribed by the physicians to cure diseases or sometimes to enhance physical and mental capacity, but psychotropic drugs accompany the risk of dependence on them. Though

these drugs induce a feeling of ecstasy, yet they are harmful to the body in long run. Drug abusers use contaminated needles which contain the risk of contracting diseases which include blood poisoning, formation of abscess serum, hepatitis and AIDS. Shortage of money makes the drug abusers resort to crime.

Our country has been confronted with the problem of an increased trafficking in drugs. In spite of concerted efforts by the government, the menace has been spreading at a rapid rate. Youngsters have been becoming vulnerable to drugs. Society should help the government in the eradication of this menace. Parents should befriend their children and guide them. If someone falls prey to the menace, s/he should be counseled. The family,

friends and relatives should contribute towards the treatment and rehabilitation of the abuser.

To conclude, drug addiction is a menace that has ruined thousands of lives and has been spreading at a rapid rate. It is our moral responsibility to make people aware of its harmful consequences. Friends, let's take an oath to hit this menace out of our country.

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Public Speech- Introduction

Public Speech- Preparation

Public Speech- Strategies

Public Speech- Types

Communication- Introduction

Effective Communication- Tips?

Interview- Introduction

Group Discussion- Introduction

Group Discussion- Characteristics

Group Discussion- Essential_Requirements

Group Discussion- Process

A Speech on Child Labour

Good evening friends! I, Pankaj Parashar, stand before you to present my views on the evil of child labour in India.

Friends, you might have visited canteens, restaurants, tea stalls, dhabas, or so. Try to recollect who serves you food. You'd have found a boy serving tea, eatables, or washing dishes. Have you ever thought why they have been working there, in place of going to school? Yes, they are forced to do these odd jobs.

Not only there, but they are also employed in extremely difficult and risky jobs. They are exposed to gruesome conditions where none of the safety recommendations are adhered to. The obvious reason of their employment is employers' approach. They find it profitable to employ children as they would work for longer hours at lesser wages than adults. Illiteracy, ignorance and poverty among people are some other reasons for the flourishing child labor in the country. People feel that children should be employed in order to sustain the family. They also think, by employing at the tender age, they'll get expertise in a particular field. But this statement seems laced with selfish motives rather than a favorable and sane argument. Unhygienic conditions take their toll and most of them succumb to various diseases before their youth. Sometimes in the absence of education and proper childhood, they take to immoral ways to sustain themselves and their family.

Friends, Children are the valuable asset of a country. It is our as well as government's responsibility to take care of their rights. Article 24 of Indian Constitution says that no

child below the age of fourteen can be employed anywhere. It is our duty to inform the authority if we find a child working somewhere. Many NGO's have also been working towards the eradication of child labor. We can take their help. So, friends, let us come forward to eradicate this evil from the society.

Thanking you for read my blog 😁😁

Read More:-

Public Speech- Introduction

Public Speech- Preparation

Public Speech- Strategies

Public Speech- Types

Communication- Introduction

Effective Communication- Tips?

Interview- Introduction

Group Discussion- Introduction

Group Discussion- Characteristics

Group Discussion- Essential_Requirements

Group Discussion- Process

A Speech on the Topic of"Media Shapes the Public Opinion"

Hi friends! Today, I, Priya Shukla, stand before you to present my views on the topic 'Media shapes the public opinion'.

As all of us know, media plays an important role in today's time. It has been considered the fourth pillar of society. The other three are taken as: 'legislative' , 'executive' and 'judiciary. It makes us aware of various social, political and economic activities that take place around us. It exposes malpractices and attracts government's attention to take stringent action against the persons involved. It acts as a mirror and shows bare truth and harsh realities of life. It plays a vital role in shaping a healthy democracy. The discussions bring the reality before common people which helps in the election of right candidate. It brings us news and views on social, political, economic and religious matters which shape the public opinion.

Earlier, it was difficult to know the hard facts. People had to accept what they were told. But media brings everything on surface which helps the public to change their opinion.

Independent press has power to influence public opinion. We all are aware how Anna Hazare started the fight against corruption. Media disseminated the news which brought people together to support Anna. Again, media played a crucial role in Nirbhaya rape case. Thousands of people came together against the heinous crime. It created awareness among the masses towards women safety.

Not only news media but films also affect the mentality of public. People imitate what they watch in movies. They are so deeply influenced that they take the heroes and heroines as their role models. Advertisements help the people to buy goods and services. They are influenced by the advertisements.

Social media has revolutionized people's approach immensely. All of us are addicted to the social networking sites, like 'WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, or so. We share our daily activities with other group members. We listen to their experiences which affect our opinion.

In this way, we can say that media plays an important role in the formation of public opinion. It brings awareness among the masses and affects the thinking and behaviour of general public.

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Read More:-

Public Speech- Introduction

Public Speech- Preparation

Public Speech- Strategies

Public Speech- Types

Communication- Introduction

Effective Communication- Tips?

Interview- Introduction

Group Discussion- Introduction

Group Discussion- Characteristics

Group Discussion- Essential_Requirements

Group Discussion- Process

Q.:- How many types of Public Speech?

Ans.:-

There are different types of speeches. Type depends on the purpose and occasion. Some of their types are as follows:

Occasional Speech
Valedictory Address
Farewell Speech
Thematic Speech

(1) Occasional Speech:-

This type of speech is planned and prepared according to the occasion. The speaker chooses the content keeping the occasion in mind. It is commonly presented on the formal

occasions and involves certain formalities. The examples of occasional speech include:

(a) Welcome Speech-

This is most common form of public speech that is delivered at almost all the formal gatherings where some guest speaker is invited. A person needs to welcome and introduce the speaker to the audience at the occasion. The speech delivered by the person is known as 'welcome speech' or 'introductory speech? The speaker introduces the guest speaker by referring to his/her full and formal name with title(s), like Ms., Mr., Dr., Prof., etc., that goes with his/her name. S/he also mentions the achievements, awards, distinctions, recognitions, etc., that are earned by the invited speaker.

Example of Welcome Speech⇱

(2) Valedictory Address:-

Valedictory means 'leave taking'. Introductory speech is delivered at the beginning of an event, whereas valedictory speech is delivered at the end of the event, seminar, workshop of conference. The speaker thanks not only the guest speaker(s), but also thanks the persons

who contributed to make the event possible and successful. The speaker uses a proper order to express the gratitude. S/he starts with the guest speaker(s), followed by the people in higher echelons, then the person who rendered real help to Organize the event, like mechanical and other support staff, and finally, the audience. S/he prepares a list and ensures that no one has been left out.

Example of Valedictory Address⇱

(3) Farewell Speech:-

Farewell is the act of departing politely. Students leave the school or college after the completion of their studies; people change their jobs, leave one organization and join

another. People are offered farewell when one is transferred, moves away from an organization or leaves after the completion of a project, a term, or an assignment. In all such eventualities, a farewell speech comes into play. The person is asked to say a few words

at this time. S/he should not criticize the organization's policies or people, even if s/he does not appreciate them, rather should thank the organization and people for their help and support.

Example of Farewell Speech⇱

(4) Thematic Speech:-

This type of speech is based on some theme. The main purpose of speech is to make audience aware of positive and negative sides of the theme. The Speaker collects information about the theme, prepares the draft, and present before the audience. Thematic speeches can be divided into the following categories:

(a) Motivational Speech-

This kind of speech is delivered to motivate the listeners. It is Interactive in nature. The Speaker tries to influence the audience to follow her/his line of thought. It can be delivered on social, educational or professional issues.

(i) Social Matters-

The speech on social matters can be delivered in order to motivate the listeners to participate in some social work(s).

Example of Social Matter speech⇱

(ii) Educational-

The speech on educational matter can be delivered to highlight specific issue or topic. It can be delivered before the students, scholars, academicians, or so.

Example of Educational Speech⇱

(iii) Professional-

This kind of speech is delivered either by some professional, or to the professionals. It requires some subjects matter expert or professionally qualified person to deliver the speech.

Example of Professional Speech⇱

(b) Informational Speech-

This kind of speech is based on a particular theme. The theme generally remains related to some event, issue, topic, etc. It's main purpose is to inform the audience about all the facets of the theme. The issue can be divided into the following categories:

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Read More:-

Public Speech- Introduction

Public Speech- Preparation

Public Speech- Strategies

Communication- Introduction

Communication- Types

Effective Communication- Tips?

Interview- Introduction

Group Discussion- Introduction

Group Discussion- Characteristics

Group Discussion- Essential Requirements

Group Discussion- Process

Q.आयात और निर्यात क्या है?

उत्तर। आयात:-

आयात के दो मूल प्रकार हैं:

1. औद्योगिक और उपभोक्ता सामान।

2. मध्यवर्ती सामान और सेवाएं।

निर्यात:-

निर्यात मुख्यतः दो प्रकार का होता है:

1. प्रत्यक्ष निर्यात export

2. में - प्रत्यक्ष निर्यात

1. प्रत्यक्ष निर्यात:-

2. इन-डायरेक्ट एक्सपोर्टिंग:-

Q.:- आखिर क्या था कैबिनेट मिशन?

संविधान :-

Q.:- What is Non Woven?

Ans. Introduction:-

-:Process:-

1. selection and preparation of fabric

2. Web formation

3. Web bonding

4. Finishing

1.1. Selection and preparation of fabric:-

1.2. Web formation:-

1.Dry - laid :-

Carding:-

Carding webs can be two types:

1. Parallel - laid web:-

2. Cross - laid web:-

1.3. Air - laid web:-

1.4. Wet - laid web:-

1. Continuous filaments web

2. Melt-blown

3. Web Bonding

1. Mechanical Bonding

2. Chemical bonding

3. Thermal bonding

There are several thermal bonding systems in use:

A Speech on the Supremacy of Man over Machines

A Speech on Disastrous Effects of Nuclear Weapons

A Speech on the Topic of "Save the Girl Child"

A speech to Motivate Students to Perform Social Service

A Speech on the Topic of " The Art of Conversation"

A Speech on the Topic of "Importance of Discipline in Life"

A Speech on the Topic of "Education Can Happen Anywhere"

A Farewell Speech at the Time of leaving the Organization

A Speech at the End of a Conference

A Welcome Speech to Introduce the keynote speaker

A Speech on Drug Addiction

A Speech on Child Labour

A Speech on the Topic of"Media Shapes the Public Opinion"

Q.:- How many types of Public Speech?

Ans.:-

(1) Occasional Speech:-

(a) Welcome Speech-

(2) Valedictory Address:-

(3) Farewell Speech:-

(4) Thematic Speech:-

(a) Motivational Speech-

(i) Social Matters-

(ii) Educational-

(iii) Professional-

(b) Informational Speech-

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